CERN:The Unleashing Of Coming Destruction? Part 2

Edgar Cayce Rising of Atlantis

CERN:The Unleashing Of Coming Destruction? Part 2
Known as the “sleeping prophet”,  did Edgar Cayce in 1932, unknowingly aide in the creation of CERN? Why did he predict that Atlantis would rise again?
Why is Ebola outbreaks located near 2 ancient fingers of the past course of the Nile River where it poured into the Atlantic Ocean?
Why is the scientific or archeological community not connecting the lines along the ocean floor to the ancient ruins found on dry land?

Latest Update on Mysterious Bird and Fish Kills and more….A common cause found?

Recently posted on FederalJackTube Channel!! Some VERY interesting information and some that I too have been noting for a couple of months!  This video is aprox 30 mins long, but you will find allot of documentation regarding the bird and fish kills all over the world and explains the un-reported seismic activity that I’ve been following.

The common link to most of these questions of bird/fish kill, the BP disaster in the Gulf, increase in Seismic activity, can be found in this video!

Also all of us who live in or near the New Madrid Fault line areas—This is a MUST Watch.

Prepare yourselves and your families for what the NWO is about to unleash on us!

After you watch this, please check out my link:

https://lisaintx.wordpress.com/2010/01/06/north-american-union-protect-biodiversity-of-what-species/

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Related Links and Sources:

Thanks to http://www.youtube.com/user/patriotic… for the video and all the info.

Please visit my site: http://patrioticspace.whynotnews.eu/

Fema DHS requesting 14 MILLION emergency meals for the New Madrid Seismic Zone!! (Why would they order all of this, spend all of this money, if they’re only “practicing” during NLE NMSZ in May of this year?!)

http://goo.gl/eC0Hu

Could The Gulf Of Mexico Oil Spill Cause A Massive Earthquake Along The New Madrid Fault Line?

http://goo.gl/yWQzG

Article from last summer. (BP NUCLEAR OPTION Spells Mega-Disaster For Gulf Of Mexico!) Scroll to middle of page to find article of interest in regards to NMSZ!

http://goo.gl/t4R7b

See what time your sun’s SUPPOSED to rise, and see if you can discover inconsistencies with your own
sunrise! (USA only):

http://goo.gl/sXPai

Weather Modification Programs: http://goo.gl/z0Xgb

Disinformation that covers for the soon coming
appearance of Nibiru: http://goo.gl/ykjjK

(Possible Disinfo?! You decide) USDA found to be poisoning bird
populations, causing mass die-offs involving millions of birds:

http://goo.gl/UWtq7

Pole Shift: North Races, South Crawls:http://goo.gl/s4t1H

Current map of animals deaths (thanks to user: cbloom6550)

http://goo.gl/hJTXe

Link to all seismic activites current in NMSZ area! Thanks to YT user: xfr777

http://goo.gl/gAwBg

The Weather Channel tells people in TN to PREPARE! They say Earth Quake in NMSZ is coming:

http://goo.gl/E2oss

More warnings from the Weather Channel! A warning to 10 million people: http://goo.gl/6s5Hs

Quake Scenario Maps VERY INFORMATIVE (Thanks seeingUFOsPA) http://goo.gl/YGHJp

Video: What Matt Simmons said about the gulf oil spill before his death (six interviews) (via dprogram.wordpress.com)

Gulf of Mexico disaster plot thickens as expert Matthew Simmons, founder of the Ocean Energy Institute, is found dead!
Hope everyone will listen to the video’s that Dprogram has provided. EXCELLENT info.

Matthew Roy Simmons, (April 7, 1943 – August 8, 2010) one of the worlds foremost experts in the field of oil and founder of the ocean energy institute died last week under mysterious circumstances. Simmons perspective was not well liked among BP officials and politicians. In his last TV interview on July 21st 2010, Simmons claimed the BP gulf oil spill was (and still is) “the biggest environmental cover-up in human history.” When the story of Sim … Read More

via dprogram.wordpress.com

http://dprogram.wordpress.com/2010/08/21/video-what-matt-simmons-said-about-the-gulf-oil-spill-before-his-death-six-interviews/

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Related links:

http://dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/09/matthew-simmons-noted-energy-banker-dies-at-67/

Ticking Time Bomb found! 20 mile wide Gas Bubble discovered under Gulf of Mexico?

Latest UPDATE: 7-14-10

By TOM BREEN and HARRY R. WEBER, Associated Press Writers Tom Breen And Harry R. Weber, Associated Press Writers 19 mins ago

NEW ORLEANS – BP’s work on capping the Gulf of Mexico gusher was frozen Wednesday after the federal government raised concerns the operation could put damaging pressure on the busted well that could make the leak worse.

An administration official, who asked not to be identified because of the sensitivity of the talks with BP, said the government was acting out of “abundance of caution” and didn’t want potentially dangerous pressure tests on a tighter containment cap that has been placed over the well to go ahead until BP answers questions about possible risks.

At the same time, BP on its own halted the drilling of two relief wells that are designed to be a more permanent solution to plug the well.

The delays were a stunning setback after the oil giant finally seemed to be on track following nearly three months of failed attempts to stop the spill, which has sullied beaches from Florida to Texas and decimated the multibillion dollar fishing industry.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100714/ap_on_bi_ge/us_gulf_oil_spill

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UPDATE: Fed gearing up for evacuation and martial law Gulf Coast

http://www.infowars.com/methane-and-martial-law-in-the-gulf-of-mexico/

CNN: Gulf residents say chemicals/oil making them violently ill

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BP oil disaster is not over by a long shot according to this latest update. Seems a 15 – 20 mile wide gas bubble is growing along the Gulf  floor and could result in a much more serious threat than what we the people are being told. Please review the videos below for those updates.

Edgar Cayce once predicted that the lost continent of Atlantis would rise again from the Sea. Part of that land has been confirmed by many to rest along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, of which the Azores Plateau sits.

Now here is a crazy theory, maybe not crazy now….besides the horrific possible disaster this gas bubble represents off our gulf coast and our nation as a whole, what if this gas bubble continues to raise the sea floor and with the rising cause a chain of environmental events, which then leads to land masses beginning to reappear? Add to this, what if the Mid-Atlantic ridge is also the location where God instructed his archangels to bury some of the fallen angels? Call me nuts, but hey, it’s something to consider “Should” the land masses start rising suddenly….lol

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Bermuda Triangle mystery solved? It’s a load of gas

http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/10/22/1066631498889.html

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Lost continent of Atlantis rising?

http://www.crystalinks.com/edgar_cayce.html

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Cayce reading about Atlantis and God’s watery dungeon for a few fallen angels

“Apparently God saw that it was necessary to intervene before the Earth became so polluted that it would become uninhabitable. The Earth, already greatly polluted by the weapons of the Nephilim — which Cayce intimated were nuclear in nature — had to be cleansed, so God sent a Flood to destroy and bury the antediluvian world, save a precious few of the Law of One that were still genetically pure. God accomplished this by sending an angel to Noah with instructions on how to build an ark and, once this was accomplished, he instructed the archangels to hurl rocks down on the Earth, destroying Atlantis and Athens “in a single day and night”. These massive asteroids, besides causing massive earthquakes, caused huge tidal waves to drown the coastlands and also threw up massive amounts of water into the atmosphere, which rained down over the entire earth for 40 days and 40 nights. As a result, the entire surface was flooded for 150 days, and the entire antediluvian world was buried under hundreds of feet of sediment — purified from the pollution of the Nephilim and from the Nephilim themselves. Only Noah and his family survived to repopulate the Earth, though the spirits of the dead Nephilim, it is said, still roam the Earth, tormenting mankind. And what happened to the fallen angels? The archangels had been ordered to specifically target them with the huge rocks they threw down on Earth, burying them in the low places of the Earth, the abyssal plains underneath the oceans — exactly where the Azores — the remnants of legendary Atlantis — are located.

This brings us full circle in our study of legendary Atlantis. Cayce and others have said that Atlantis would one day rise again, at the time of the end when the Pyramid of Records near the Sphinx would be opened and the records of Atlantis’ history from the foundation to its final destruction would be revealed. Cayce makes it clear, however, that the Pyramid of Records cannot be opened until Atlantis rises. To this end, at the time of the end the Bible says that an angel that had fallen to earth — one of the fallen angels who had created the Nephilim — would be given the key to the Abyss which, according to the Book of Enoch, is where the angels Semjaza and Azazel had been buried by the archangels. This, is course, refers to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the lowest place on Earth, over which the Azores are located. Obviously, the Abyss, which is also associated with the deep sea in the biblical accounts, is the mid-Atlantic ridge, specifically, the area around the Azores plateau, which we have determined was the site of legendary Atlantis. Therefore, the fallen angel will be allowed to raise Atlantis once more.

Somehow, Atlantis, the Sphinx, and the Apocalypse are all inextricably linked. But what is the “key”? We know that the war between God and the fallen angels will break out again into open warfare at the time of the end, as it is clearly outlined in the Book of Revelation. At this time, God once again will direct the archangels to hurl rocks down upon wicked mankind, just as he did at the time of Noah, when the Nephilim were running rampant and polluting and destroying the Earth. When Jesus described how things would be at the time of the end, saying “As it was in the days of Noah, so it will be at the coming of the Son of Man”. ( Matt. 24:37), he knew that the Nephilim would be on the Earth again, up to their old tricks, giving man technology so that they could fight one another. However, this time, one group will be allowed to win and take over the Earth for a period of time, as this time God is coming to Earth to take over for good, and permanently imprison the fallen angels. The fallen angels will therefore work together to provide a unified defense. To accomplish this, just before the Apocalypse, mankind will be raised to a high level of technology in order to create “wonder weapons” that the fallen angels will use in a desparate last-ditch defense against the Second Coming. It is no coincidence that the Book of Revelation is rife with descriptions of world war, and of rocks thrown down to earth by the archangels, as they had done it once before, at the time of Noah.”

http://www.mysteriousworld.com/Journal/2002/Winter/Atlantis/

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Azores Plateau http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/149_SR/chap_29/c29_5.htm

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These two verses may not apply now, but it gives us something to consider regarding the scripture.

Revelation 13:1 And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy.

Revelation 16:3 “And the second angel poured out his vial upon the sea, and it became as the blood of a dead man, and every living soul died in the sea.

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Possible Related Links:

http://tonsofwash.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/health-issues-of-gulf-spill-workers-mirror-exxon-valdez-workers/

https://lisaintx.wordpress.com/2010/06/03/goldman-sachs-sell-off-44-of-bp-stock-weeks-before-disaster/

https://lisaintx.wordpress.com/2010/06/20/new-bill-will-add-new-taxes-and-government-regulation-on-personal-tv-and-internet/

Per UN, 2010: Year of Biodiversity? Is “ALL Human Activity causing Diversity of Life on Earth to be lost’?

WE are being told that, “Biodiversity is threatened by the sum of all human activities. It is useful to group threats into the categories of over-hunting, habitat destruction, invasion of non-native species, domino effects, pollution, and climate change.”


  • “Habitat loss presents the single greatest threat to world biodiversity, and the magnitude of this threat can be approximated from species-area curves and rates of habitat loss. The spread of non-native species threatens many local species with extinction, and pushes the world’s biota toward a more homogeneous and widely distributed sub-set of survivors. Climate change threatens to force species and ecosystems to migrate toward higher latitudes, with no guarantee of suitable habitat or access routes. These three factors thus are of special concern.”

Okay, I agree to an extent of what The Powers That Be are saying, BUT, the solution is to rein in the WEALTHY  TOP Corporations and STOP THEM from polluting our environment, Stop out-sourcing of American Jobs without raising the import fees, STOP THEM from creating all these NEW strains of VIRUSES, STOP THEM from bypassing laws and regulations that WE,  the ‘Little People”,  have to OBEY  or else pay the price. That would take care of the bulk of the problems, the rest would soon fall in place IMO.

And as Jim commented below, the best solution would be to remove the USA from any and ALL FINANCIAL dealings with the UN and it’s splinter groups,  before they figure out a way to totally destroy what is left of our Constitutional Rights!

http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/biodiversity/biodiversity.html

UN Designates 2010 International Year of Biodiversity

Malaysia Sun
Saturday 2nd January, 2010

In a bid to curb the unprecedented loss of the world’s species due to human activity, at a rate some experts put at 1,000 times the natural progression, the United Nations is marking 2010 as the International Year of Biodiversity, with a slew of events highlighting the vital role the phenomenon plays in maintaining the life support system on Planet Earth.

“Humans are part of nature’s rich diversity and have the power to protect or destroy it,” the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which is hosted by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), said in summarizing the Year’s main message, with its focus on raising awareness to generate public pressure for action by the world’s decision makers.

“Biodiversity, the variety of life on Earth, is essential to sustaining the living networks and systems that provide us all with health, wealth, food, fuel and the vital services our lives depend on.

“Human activity is causing the diversity of life on Earth to be lost at a greatly accelerated rate.”

These losses are irreversible, impoverish us all and damage the life support systems we rely on every day. But we can prevent them.”

The Convention, which opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, AGENDA 21, entered into force at the end of 1993 and now has 193 Parties, is based on the premise that the world’s diverse ecosystems purify the air and the water that are the basis of life, stabilize and moderate the Earth’s climate, renew soil fertility, cycle nutrients and pollinate plants.

As a former UNEP Executive Director, Klaus Topfer, put it: “If any part of the web suffers breaks down, the future of life on the planet will be at risk.” That is why the UN General Assembly proclaimed 2010 as the International Year of Biodiversity.

Although initial celebrations began in November under the slogan Biodiversity is life, biodiversity is our life,” the official launch will take place in Berlin on 11 January. This will be followed on 21 and 22 January by the first major event of the Year, a high-profile meeting at the Paris headquarters of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), which is expected to bring together heads of state, royalty and their representatives.

A host of other events – meetings, symposia, multi-media exhibitions – will follow throughout the year in venues around world, from Trondheim, Norway, to Delhi, India, from Doha, Qatar, to Cartagena, Colombia, and from Shanghai, China, to Nairobi, Kenya, culminating in a high-level meeting at UN Headquarters in New York at the start of the General Assembly’s 65th annual General Debate in September and an official closing in Kanazawa, Japan, in December.

“A wide variety of environmental goods and services that we take for granted are under threat, with profound and damaging consequences for ecosystems, economies and livelihoods,” Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said in November at the start of the pre-celebrations.

“In this International Year, we must counter the perception that people are disconnected from our natural environment. We must increase understanding of the implications of losing biodiversity. In 2010, I call on every country and each citizen of our planet to engage in a global alliance to protect life on Earth.”

The Montreal-based CBD Secretariat likewise stresses the urgency in raising public awareness of the importance of biodiversity and the consequences of its loss.

“The goal for raising awareness of these issues is to generate public pressure for action by decision makers, and to create the conditions for governments, individuals and other important sectors, to be encouraged to implement the Convention and to engage with other international and national institutions, towards achieving the goals of the Convention.”

The Convention covers all ecosystems, species, and genetic resources, linking traditional conservation efforts to the economic goal of using biological resources sustainably, setting principles for the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from the use of genetic resources, notably for commercial use and covering the rapidly expanding field of biotechnology, and addressing technology development and transfer, benefit-sharing and biosafety.

While recognizing that ecosystems, species and genes must be used for the benefit of humans, the Convention stipulates that this must be done in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of diversity.

It offers decision-makers guidance based on the precautionary principle that where there is a threat of significant reduction or loss of biological diversity, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to avoid or minimize such a threat. It acknowledges that substantial investment is required to conserve diversity, but argues that conservation will bring significant environmental, economic and social benefits in return.

Looking at the economic costs of action or inaction, a recent

UN-backed The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) study estimated loss of natural capital due to deforestation and degradation at between $2 trillion and $4.5 trillion every year – “a staggering economic cost of taking nature for granted.

“It is estimated that for an annual investment of $45 billion into protected areas alone, we could secure the delivery of ecosystem services worth some $5 trillion a year, it said. When compared to current financial losses on the markets, this is not a big price to pay. Sound ecosystem and biodiversity management, and the inclusion of Natural Capital in governmental and business accounting can start to redress inaction and reduce the cost of future losses.”

http://story.malaysiasun.com/index.php/ct/9/cid/b8de8e630faf3631/id/584163/cs/1/

Alex Jones on the UN

Savage on the UN

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Concepts of Biodiversity

The sequel to that first biodiversity book, naturally titled Biodiversity II (Reaka-Kudla et al. 1997), documents the rapid rise of the term “biodiversity” in importance and influence. But it also traces the study of aspects of biodiversity back as far as Aristotle. To some extent, biodiversity merely offers a new, emotive, term for some older ideas and programs. In fact, “biodiversity” is now used sometimes to mean “life” or “wilderness” or other conservation values. “Biodiversity” also has served on occasion as a catch-all for “conservation” itself.

The scientific literature illustrates how most any conservation activity might use the label “biodiversity”. On the one hand, workers taking advantage of the acknowledged importance of the term have expanded its meaning to capture concerns at a fine scale, such as that focussing on a favourite single species. This focus might be referred to more accurately as one of “biospecifics”. At the coarser scale, one important interpretation, discussed below, advocates a primary linkage of biodiversity to the maintenance of ecosystem processes — what might be called the “bio-processes” approach.

The nub of the problem of defining biodiversity is that it is hard to exclude anything from a concept that is taken so easily to mean “everything”. Sarkar (2005) has argued that interpreting biodiversity across all biological levels, from genes to ecosystems, amounts to considering all biological entities, so that biodiversity absurdly “becomes all of biology”.

Callicott et al. (1999) examined “biodiversity” as one of the current normative concepts in conservation. They concluded that it remains ill-defined, and that distinctions can be made between “functional” and “compositional” perspectives in approaching biodiversity. “Functional” refers to a primarily concern with ecosystem and evolutionary processes, while “compositional” sees organisms as aggregated into populations, species, higher taxa, communities, and other categories. Callicott et al. call for a better integration of these different perspectives, an issue discussed below in the section on Integrating Process and Elements Perspectives.

Norton (1994) has argued that there will never be a single “objective scientific definition” of biodiversity, in the sense of a prescription for how to measure it. In fact, Norton claims that any increase in our understanding of biodiversity will make it less likely that there will be a single objective measure. This biodiversity pluralism is based on an argument that inevitably there are many different “theory bound” versions of biodiversity and many different ways to value it. This perspective is in accord with recognition of functional-compositional perspectives on biodiversity. For example, Norton (1994; 2001) points to recent emphasis on structure and process regarding ecological “health” or “integrity” that is seen as going beyond a conventional elements-oriented perspective for biodiversity. One cannot aggregate all these different versions of biodiversity. Instead, we are to “describe in ways appropriate given certain purposes” and the choice among these different biodiversity “models” will depend on what values are important to the decision-maker.

This perspective is characterized as “post-positivist” because it recognizes biodiversity as inevitably value-laden — there is no one, correct, measure of biodiversity to be discovered but many, each having different values. Roebuck and Phifer (1999) lament what they perceive as current “positivism” in biodiversity conservation, described by them as based variously on processes of verificationism and falsificationism in seeking facts. They argue that biodiversity conservation is rooted primarily in ethics and we must not continue to back away from values and advocacy.

The idea that the choice of a measure of biodiversity depends on values finds support in Sarkar (2005). He argues that biodiversity operationally amounts to whatever is the valued target of conservation priority setting for different localities.

Biodiversity may be a catch-all for various aspects of conservation, but the fresh perspectives arising from recognition of “biodiversity” suggest possible unifying concepts. E. O. Wilson (1988) sees “biodiversity” as corresponding to a dramatic transformation for biologists from a “bits and pieces” approach to a much more holistic approach. Wilson describes this change in perspective as a realization that biological diversity is disappearing and, unlike other threatened things, is irreversible. Wrapped up in the term therefore is the idea of a “biodiversity crisis”. Ehrenfeld (1988) similarly reinforces this idea of the value of diversity in the aggregate. He argues that diversity previously was never regarded in itself to be in danger, but that biodiversity now is recognised as endangered in its own right. Wrapped up in the term therefore is the idea of a “biodiversity crisis”. While the case for such a crisis itself raises debates about measures and definitions (see Sarkar, 2005), the definition of “biodiversity” sometimes explicitly reflects these links to an extinction crisis. Takacs (1996) reviews cases where the definition of biodiversity is wrapped up in the idea of strategies needed to preserve variation. In accord with this perspective is a shift to a focus on valuing ecosystem processes. This focus arguably will ensure maintenance and ongoing evolution of these systems, and therefore all of biodiversity.

Holistic perspectives on biodiversity have emerged also through another important focus. For Wilson (1988), biodiversity captures the idea of a “frontier of the future”, presenting a dazzling prospect of largely unknown variety, with unanticipated uses. Biodiversity is seen by many as a symbol for our lack of knowledge about the components of life’s variation, and their importance to humankind (see Takacs 1996). These arguments suggest that core biodiversity values might be based more on what we do not know than what we do know. Biodiversity can be viewed as primarily capturing the two-fold challenge of unknown variety, having unknown value.

Anticipated future uses and values of the unknown are captured in the idea of “option values” (for definitions, see World Conservation Union 1980). A species, or other element of biodiversity, has option value when its continued existence retains the possibility of future uses and benefits. Option value corresponds not just to unknown future values of known species, but also to the unknown values of unknown species (or other components of variation). This concept is at the core of biodiversity because it links “variation” and “value”. Estimating and quantifying the largely unknown variation that makes up biodiversity is one and the same as quantifying corresponding option values of biodiversity. According to this emphasis, a basic definition of biodiversity might be expanded as: the variety of all forms of life, from the scale of genes through to species and ecosystems …so forming a “calculus” — a means for measurement and comparison — of option values.

From Species Values to Biodiversity Values

2.1 Species Values and Triage

In developing ideas about the overall value of biodiversity it has been natural to draw on existing arguments about values of individual species (for review, see World Conservation Union 1980; Norton 1988). Commodity value and other direct use values have intuitive appeal because they reflect known values. But a key problem is that species need to be preserved for reasons other than any known value as resources for human use (Sober 1986). Callicott (1986) discusses philosophical arguments regarding non-utilitarian value and concludes that there is no easy argument to be made except a moral one. Species have some “intrinsic value” — reflecting the idea that a species has a value “in and for itself” (Callicott 1986, p.140) — and there is an ethical obligation to protect biodiversity.

A philosophical issue is whether such species values depend on a human-centered perspective. The environmental ethics entry notes that assessments of issues concerned with biodiversity allow for “commitment either to a purely anthropocentric or purely non-anthropocentric ethic”. Regan (1986) argues that we need “duties that are independent of out changeable needs and preferences.” Callicott (1986) sees the intrinsic value of species as not independent of human values, because such values can be linked to Hume’s theory of moral values. Norton (1986) sees all species as collectively embraced by an environmental ethic that is anthropocentric.

Randall (1988, p. 218) has argued that preference is the basis for value and that it is possible to treat all species values as preferences of humans. Preferences-based approaches to valuation can provide economic (dollar) estimates of value. This valuation process may include methods for assessing and quantifying option values. A claimed advantage of such approaches is that the only good way to protect species is to place an economic value on them. Randall argues that such quantification is advantageous because the species preservation option will fare well when the full range of values is included in conservation priority setting.

The context for many of these arguments has been a consideration of various criteria for placing priorities among species for conservation efforts. These considerations have led to debates about the role of “triage” based on species prioritization. Triage recalls the medical context in which priorities are set for investments in saving patients. Applied to conservation, individual species are differentially valued and assessed relative to differential opportunity costs. The best conservation package is to be found through a process of calculating costs and benefits of protection of individual species.

2.2 Species as Equal Units and SMS

Many biologists have rejected the idea of triage and argue that we must try to save all species (Takacs 1996). Philosophical issues arise in the debate as to whether biodiversity should be approached through the process of differentially valuing species, so that choices could be made in the face of a budget, or regarding species as the fundamental unit and trying to protect them all. The latter option is arguably more holistic and in accord with a focus on all of biodiversity (the individual species focus is sometimes viewed as the first of three phases of growth in biological resources assessment; see the section on The Shift from Elements to Processes).

If one nominated a “prequel” to Biodiversity (1988) it might be The Preservation of Species (Norton 1986). The title suggests a species focus, but the book’s subtitle refers to biological diversity. This book documents an attempt to move from values of species to some overall value of biodiversity, rejecting typical triage arguments based on benefits versus costs for individual species. Here, Norton criticizes the benefit — cost” approaches as piecemeal because every species must exhibit actual or potential use to justify itself. He argues that every species arguably has utilitarian value and that species perceived values are hard to estimate. For this reason, trying to place dollar values is “doomed to failure” (1986, p. 202). Norton concludes that we can’t try to sum up values (in accord with his general advocacy of no aggregation of biodiversity values). It is argued that we should abandon the “divide and conquer” approach and look at total diversity, with species as a unit: “each species in an area can be viewed as a unit of total diversity.” Ehrenfeld’s (1988) position is even more sharply defined: “value is an intrinsic part of biodiversity; it does not depend on the properties of the species in question.”

Alternatives to Unit-species

We can recognize two alternatives to the use of species as equal-weight units for an SMS. One of these (see the section on The Shift from Elements to Processes) consciously moves further away from units or items of any kind. Here, the valuation of species is seen as problematic, with arbitrary solutions. Valuation is to encompass all of biodiversity but through a functional perspective, shifting the focus to ecosystems processes (Norton 1994, 2001).

The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) has a major campaign to address the 2010 target, based on mobilising extensive museum species collections data to form the biodiversity calculus needed for exploring trade-offs and synergies in different regions [see GBIF 2010 Campaign]http://www.edinburgh.ceh.ac.uk/biota/Archive_2010target/8217.htm

Conclusion

Despite a wide range of usage, biodiversity remains a concept strongly linked to the idea of biological variation that is largely unknown in its extent, and its future values. Any “calculus” of biodiversity providing quantitative estimates of this unknown variation automatically provides at the same time a measure of those values that link to the need to maintain variety — option values and intrinsic values. Such values broadly reflect values of elements of biodiversity having unknown present value. These quantified values typically will not be in conventional units (e.g. dollars), but nevertheless can be balanced with other values of society. Decision making (for example, deciding whether we should invest in conservation of area A or area B) may require only estimates of relative gains in represented variation offered by different places (their “complementarity” values). Complementarity helps integrate biodiversity option values with other values attributed to biodiversity, and with values of society more generally. This integrative process, together with processes for the growth of knowledge about components of biodiversity, provide an alternative to the “post-positivism” perspective that sees biodiversity conservation as predominantly value-laden.

The perspective that biodiversity reflects option and intrinsic values, to be balanced with other values, appears to be compatible with the broader discipline of conservation biology: “the field is rooted in a philosophy of stewardship rather than one of utilitarianism or consumption. The latter has been the basis of traditional resource conservation, that is, conserving resources solely for their economic use and human consumption” (Meffe 2000).

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/biodiversity/

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UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has said more must be done to repair damage done in the Gaza Strip by Israeli military action one year ago.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8431652.stm

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Bill Moyers (Member of Bilderberg Group)

WiserEarth promotes social change by empowering the largest and fastest growing movement in the world—the hundreds of thousands of organizations within civil society that address social justice, poverty, and the environment. WiserEarth is a commercial free, community-editable site that provides tools to help these organizations find each other, collaborate, share resources and build alliances.

  • Contains the most extensive international directory of more than 100,000 organizations based in 243 countries, sovereign islands, and territories, including contact details, geographic maps, areas of interest, and mission statements.

“Historically social movements have arisen primarily because of injustice, inequities, and corruption. Those woes remain legion but a new condition exists that has no precedent: the planet has a life threatening disease that is marked by massive ecological degradation and rapid climate change.”

http://www.naturalcapital.org/wiserearth.htm

http://www.naturalcapital.org/

http://www.gaiamind.com/Teilhard.html

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At the meeting of the environment ministers of the G8 countries and the five major newly industrializing countries that took place in Potsdam in March 2007, the German government proposed a study on ‘The economic significance of the global loss of biological diversity’ as part of the so-called ‘Potsdam Initiative’ for biodiversity.

The following wording was agreed at Potsdam: ‘In a global study we will initiate the process of analysing the global economic benefit of biological diversity, the costs of the loss of biodiversity and the failure to take protective measures versus the costs of effective conservation.’

This proposal was endorsed by G8+5 leaders at the Heiligendamm Summit on 6-8 June 2007.

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/economics/

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Possible Related Posts:

https://lisaintx.wordpress.com/2010/01/01/bilderbergers-creating-a-new-world-order-or-completing-work-of-the-ages/

https://lisaintx.wordpress.com/2009/12/17/usda-now-in-the-tree-and-biofuel-business-property-owners-pay-attention/